The Taíno were the Indigenous people of the Caribbean, primarily inhabiting regions like Jamaica, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Hispaniola, and the Bahamas during the time of European arrival in the late 15th century. They lived in well-organized agricultural societies, ruled by caciques, and practiced a religion centered on zemis, spiritual figures that represented their gods and ancestors. Their language was a dialect of the Arawakan language group. When Christopher Columbus arrived in 1492, the Lucayan Taíno of the Bahamas were the first to encounter him. Despite the widespread belief that the Taíno people were eradicated due to disease, enslavement, and cultural assimilation, their legacy continues. Many modern-day Puerto Ricans, Cubans, Dominicans, and Jamaicans carry Taíno ancestry, particularly through their maternal lineage, evidenced by mitochondrial DNA. While some individuals and communities maintain a continuous cultural heritage, others have formed revivalist movements to reconnect …
